The arguments against the theory that emotion is a conscious process, initiated by a peripheral vegetative and motor response began to emerge following the observations of Walter Cannon, who demonstrated that in situations of emergency, produce a vegetative response and nonspecific motor, called 'alarm reaction', so stereotyped that it seemed unlikely he could evoke the full range of emotions we experience. Philip Bard, in 1928 and Walter Cannon's laboratory, conducted controlled injury that removed the cerebral hemispheres and deep nuclei of the brain, and noted that when the injury preserved the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain called the hypothalamus, was produced in the animal a box labeled 'false anger. " This was characterized, spontaneously or as a result of an innocuous cutaneous stimulation, the animal developed all the symptoms typical of a state of anger, ruffling hair, arching the back, showing teeth, extrusion of the nails, mydriasis, tachycardia , higher blood pressure, etc. The name "false rage 'was because despite this spectacular picture, animal aggression is not directed to any external object, and a rat could be at your side without being attacked. When the lesion also affected the hypothalamus, false anger response did not appear, although there are some elements of it uncoordinated. This suggested that the caudal hypothalamus, preserved in the first case, it was essential for the coordinated expression of emotional behaviors and that such expression was unconscious and independent of conscious cognitive elements of emotion, which would be produced by higher brain structures, including cortex.
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